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OBJECTIVE To establish a drug batch number traceability management mode in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room， improve the management level of batch number traceability in anesthesia pharmacy of operating room and ensure the safety of surgical medication. METHODS The problems encountered in the application of batch number traceability management mode in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room were analyzed to implement the optimization measure and summarize the optimization effect. RESULTS In view of the incompatibility of multiple batch numbers on the dosing track， the insufficient number of drugs in the automated dispensing cabinet， the long replenishment time， the low stability of the automated dispensing cabinet， and the tedious management of drugs with a near-expiration period， the following measures were implemented， including changing the minimum unit of dosing， adjusting the drug base number and surgery schedule， optimizing the supplementary drug delivery order， repairing dosing tracks of the automated dispensing cabinet， adding the batch number correction function， improving the screening function of drugs with a near-expiration period， and configuring the automated dispensing cabinet in the recovery room. It realized the coexistence of multiple batch numbers on the dosing track， the sufficient number of drugs in the automated dispensing cabinet， the shortening of the replenishment time， the improvement in the stability of the automated dispensing cabinet， and the efficient management of drugs with a near-expiration period. CONCLUSIONS The batch number traceability management mode is established in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room in our hospital， which improves the system function module， optimizes the work process， increases the stability of the automated dispensing cabinet， improves the work efficiency， and realizes the refined management of surgical medication.
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Intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defense against exogenous substances. A complete mechanical barrier can separate the body from the contents of the intestines and prevent the translocation of bacteria and microorganisms in the intestines, playing an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body. If the intestinal mechanical barrier function is damaged, it will cause the intestinal endotoxin and bacterial translocation, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction diseases. The barrier function of intestinal mucosa is a key link in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier function is of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. In this paper, the research progress in intestinal mechanical barrier function of NAFLD was reviewed, and the main factors maintaining intestinal permeability of NAFLD were introduced, such as apoptosis, autophagy, apical junctional complex, cytoskeleton, main signal pathway, to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide refe rence for inte lligent managemen t of central pharmacy. METHODS ：The construction experience of intelligent central pharmacy management mode were introduced ，including the use of information technology ，the introduction of automation equipment ，the rational layout of the central pharmacy ，as well as the optimization of work flow ，and the establishment of integrated management mode ，etc. The workload of intelligent central pharmacy in our hospital before construction（2016），during construction （2017-2018）and after operation （2019）were collected from our hospital information system（HIS），including the number of injection doctor ’s orders ，the number of doctor ’s orders reviewed ，the number of PIVAS deployment，the number of oral medical orders ，the number of medical orders discharged with medicine ，etc. The pharmacist scheduling before and after the operation of intelligent central pharmacy in our hospital was counted. The average daily quantity of injection prescription ，average dispensing speed ，timely delivery rate and dispensing errors were calculated. In addition ，the satisfaction of medical staff in 39 wards of our hospital were investigated every quarter to evaluate the implementation effect of intelligent central pharmacy management model. RESULTS ：From 2016 to 2019，the workload of the central pharmacy in our hospital showed an overall upward trend ，and the average daily prescription amount increased year by year ，and the average daily prescription amount in 2017-2019 was significantly more than that in 2016（P＜0.05）. Average dispensing speed ，timely delivery rate and dispensing errors of central pharmacy during 2018-2019 were significantly lower than 2016（P＜0.05）. The daily number of pharmacists in dispensing posts in the central pharmacy was reduced from 22 in 2016 to 18 in 2019，with 4 pharmacists saved. During the 4 years，867 questionnaires were distributed and 862 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate was above 99％. The average satisfaction of medical staff in the ward to the central pharmacy was high relatively ，being 96.8％， 98.4％ ，99.1％ and 99.1％ respectively from 2016 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS ：The integrated intelligent center pharmacy management mode established in our hospital has realized the information and automatic management of inpatient medication order dispensing；reasonable arrangement of the work contents of professional and technical personnel with different professional titles can not only save the labor cost ，but also increase the content 09304021） of pharmaceutical care ，broaden the work depth ，so as to improve the work efficiency and ensure the quality of 126.com pharmaceutical care.
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OBJECTIVE：To introduce the development and application of automatic dosing and mixing system of intravenous infusion in PIVAS of our hospital. METHODS ：Based on the bar code management system in PIVAS ，combined with automatic mixing equipment ，our hospital developed and designed automatic dosing and mixing system of intravenous infusion which could realize real-time scanning and charging of drugs ，setting parameters of mixed dispensing and automatic dosing and mixed dispensing of intravenous infusion. Compared with manual dispensing model ，work efficiency of 5 staff who dispensed Coenzyme complex for injection and Carbazochrome sodium s ulfonate for injection 300 bags each as well as the amount of drug residues in empty bottle were investigated to evaluate the effects of the system. RESULTS ：The system realized automatic mixing of intravenous infusion. In manual dispensing model and automatic dispensing model ，the mixing efficiency of Coenzyme complex for injection were （96.6±10.0）and（195.2±10.7）bag/h（P＜0.001）；mixing efficiency of Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate for injection were （83.8±12.9）and（118.8±6.7）bag/h（P＜0.001）. The amount of residual liquid in Coenzyme complex for injection empty bottle were （0.09±0.02）and（0.11±0.01）mL；Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate for injection empty bottle were （0.08± 0.02）and（0.12±0.01）mL，which were all lower than the internal control requirements that injected solvent volume was no more than 5％ （0.15 mL）. CONCLUSIONS ：The automatic dosing and mixing system of intravenous infusion could improve the efficiency of intravenous infusion dispensing and reduce the labor intensity of the staff .
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OBJECTIVE： To improve the quality of antitumor drug dispensing in pharmacy intravenous admixture services （PIVAS）， reduce dispensing error and occupational exposure to dispensers by antitumor drugs. METHODS： The composition and functions of automatic injection dispensing system were introduced， and the system was applied in antitumor drug dispensing in PIVAS. Various work indexes were compared 1 month before and after the application of the system. RESULTS： The system included information processing software， equipment control software and drug dispensing machine hardware， and had functions such as automatic counting of medicines， automatic entry into basket， automatic drug dispensing and automatic printing of labels. After applying automatic injection dispensing system， the operation of infusion label printing， basket dividing and dispensing in dispensing process was changed from manual to automatic. It could save human resources， as for each label， the average time of drug dispensing decreased from （33.00±3.31） s to （15.55±1.41） s while no mistakes and damaged label was found. CONCLUSIONS： The application of automatic injection dispensing system achieves automatic operation of antitumor drug dispensing in PIVAS， reduce dispensing error reduces staff’s exposure to antitumor drugs and occupational exposure.
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OBJECTIVE:To adopt SIMPLE pharmaceutical care mode in chronic disease management of bronchial asthma and COPD patients,and to evaluateits the effect. METHODS:By random sampling,a total of 200 bronchial asthma and COPD patientsselected from respiration department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University during Sept. 2016-Jun. 2017 were divided into control group(100 cases)and intervention group(100 cases)by simple randomization. Control group received routine treatment. Intervention group additionally received education on quitting smoking,effective use of the inhaler,monitoring detection indexes, selecting drugs correctly,scientific life style. Inhaled device scores,lung function indexes (FEV1％,FEV1/FVC),the number of patients with acute attack/exacerbation,clinical effective control rates,ADR occurrence rates,compliance of using apparatus(MMAS-8 score)were compared between 2 groups before enrollment,3 and 6 months after enrollment. RESULTS:Commpared with during enrollment,inhaled device score,clinical effective control rate and MMAS-8 score of intervention group incereased significantly 3,6 months after enrollment,while patients with acute attack/exacerbation ≥2 times decreased significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with control group,inhaled device score,clinical effective control rate,MMAS-8 score and FEV1％ of intervention group increased significantly,patients with acute attack/exacerbation ≥2 times decreased significantly 3 and 6 months after enrollment with statistical significance (P<0.05);the ADR occurrence rate was lower than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Chronic disease management of bronchial asthma and COPD patients with SIMPLE pharmaceutical care mode can improve medication compliance and clinical efficacy,and reduce ADR.
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OBJECTIVE:To promote the realization of intelligent management for narcotic and first type psychotropic drugs (narcotic and psychotropic drugs for short)in hospital. METHODS:With the aid of fingerprint identification technology and hardware devices such as intelligent storage cabinet,intelligent management for narcotic and psychotropic drugs were designed and developed in our hospital,including prescription dispensing,cardinal drug supplement,empty bottle recycling,changing shifts, etc. The effects of the system were evaluated 30 d before and after the implementation of the system through comparing related indexes. RESULTS:The application of intelligent management system for narcotic and psychotropic drugs realized intelligent dispensing of narcotic and psychotropic drugs,automatic checking during cardinal drug supplement,automatic information record during empty bottle recycling,automatic record during changing shifts,intelligent and information management on"five specific management"for narcotic and psychotropic drugs. Compared with before the implementation of the system,the duration of daily changing shifts was shortened from(13.62±0.40)min to(8.67±0.33)min,shortening by 4.95 min in average(n=30).The time of prescription dispensing was shortened from(30.36±0.48)min to(10.56±0.46)min,shortening by 19.80 min(n=30). The collecting time of cardinal drug supplement was shortened from(12.72±0.97)min to(0.13±0.03)min,shortening by 12.59 min (n=30). No drug dispensing error was found after the implementation of the system. CONCLUSIONS:The system is stable and convenient,which promotes that intelligent management for narcotic and psychotropic drugs is in line with the requirements of"five specific management". It also realizes intelligent and information operation,improves work efficiency and error prevention ability.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the informational and automatic management in Pharmacy intravenous admix-ture service (PIVAS). METHODS:The composition and practical application of PIVAS automatic management system developed in our hospital were introduced,and ratio of irrational medical order,drug dispensing efficiency and the numbers of error before and after application were compared to evaluate its effect. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The work process was intelligently opti-mized,PIVAS automatic management system developed in our hospital composed by automatic prescription audit system,intelli-gent drug dispensing system,intelligent liquid preparation system,automated sorting system and automatic transportation system, which respectively achieved the automated audit of prescription,intelligent drug dispensing and labeling,responsibility traced in drug dispensing,intelligent mixed deployment of intravenous infusion,automated sorting and transportation of finished products of transfusion liquid. The ratio of irrational medical order decreased from 2.07%to 1.73%,time of drug dispensing and labeling short-ened from(3.15±0.53)h to(1.55±0.27)h,numbers of error within daily dispensing decreased from 0.26±0.78 to 0.06±0.13, numbers of error within daily sorting of finished products of transfusion liquid decreased from 6.57 ± 1.76 to 0.07 ± 0.17. The con-struction of the system achieves the information and automation of major work in PIVAS and improves the management level of PI-VAS.
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In view of the expansion of workforce and campus of the pharmacy department, an institutional WeChat account is built to optimize management and communication efficiency, and to achieve flat and fine management mode.Such an account, developed by both third parties and independent means, serves as the mobile officing platform for the department.This platform spans two campuses and covers all the staff in real time, not only raising management efficiency but also building another communication channel among the staff.
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In the present study, we analyzed the role of Ginkgo biloba extract in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS. G. biloba extract (12 and 24 mg·kg(-1)) and dexamethasone (2 mg·kg(-1)), as a positive control, were given by i.p. injection. The cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. The degree of animal lung edema was evaluated by measuring the wet/dry weight ratio. The superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were assayed by SOD and MPO kits, respectively. The levels of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1b, and interleukin-6, were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by H&E staining. The levels of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 expression were detected by Western blotting. Compared to the LPS group, the treatment with the G. biloba extract at 12 and 24 mg·kg(-1) markedly attenuated the inflammatory cell numbers in the BALF, decreased NF-κB p65 and COX-2 expression, and improved SOD activity, and inhibited MPO activity. The histological changes of the lungs were also significantly improved. The results indicated that G. biloba extract has a protective effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. The protective mechanism of G. biloba extract may be partly attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 activation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Acute Lung Injury , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Cell Biology , Cell Count , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Genetics , Metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gene Expression , Ginkgo biloba , Chemistry , Interleukin-1beta , Interleukin-6 , Lipopolysaccharides , Lung , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Peroxidase , Metabolism , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Pulmonary Edema , Superoxide Dismutase , Metabolism , Transcription Factor RelA , Genetics , Metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the rabies molecular biology features in animals between high incidence area of rabies and no rabies cases area in Hunan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>detect saliva of dogs and brains of dogs and cats by direct immunofluorescence assay, review positive samples by RT-PCR, sequencing extract RNA virus for genetic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>12 were detected rabies virus antigen and positive nucleoside acid in 82 dogs from Wugang city also 1 in 17 from Dongkou county; the positive rate: Wugang 14.63 percent, Dongkou 5.88 percent. No rabies virus was detected in 67 samples of dog brains from Fenghuang County. Also none in 28 samples of cat brains. Amplificating N gene of rabies virus from positive samples of dog brain's tissue (No Wg13, Dk13) by RT-PCR, it shows that homology of nucleoside acid between two strain of virus is 99.4 percent; also 99.1 percent of amino acid. The homology of nucleoside acid (amonio acid) among Wg13 stain and Chinese strain CTN and aG strain is 89.4 percent (98.2 percent) and 86.1 percent (95.1 percent); The homology of nucleoside acid (amonio acid) among Dk13 stain Chinese strain CTN and aG strain is 89.1 percent (98.0 percent), 86.1 percent (94.9 percent).Compare with isolated rabies virus from abroad, the homology between two strains and Indonesia is 92.8 percent and 93.2 percent, the most similar of them. The strains isolated from other countries including Japan, Sri Lanka and India are relatively lower; The sequence of gene Wg13 and Dk13 were taken replacement of amino acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two strains are belong to type I rabies virus, comparing its N gene with current using vaccine strains, both are in same group, and homology are relatively higher.</p>